英语介绍苏门答腊犀牛

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Conservation

Sumatran Rhinoceroses were once quite numerous throughout Southeast Asia. Now only an estimated 300 individuals remain. Though not as rare as the Javan Rhinoceros, the Sumatran Rhinoceros faces greater poaching and habitat pressures and its populations are fragmented and small, whereas a substantial population of Javan Rhinoceros live together on the Ujung Kulon peninsula in Java. While the number of Javan Rhinos in Ujung Kulon has remained relatively stable, Sumatran Rhino populations are believed to be on the decline. It is classed as critically endangered primarily due to illegal poaching and destruction of its rainforest habitat. Most remaining habitat is in inaccessible mountainous areas of Indonesia.[39][40]

Poaching of Sumatran Rhinoceros, though less of a problem than with African Rhinoceros (least in terms of number of animals killed), is cause for concern because dealers are likely speculating that if the species becomes extinct then the price of its horn, estimated as high as $30,000 per kilogram,[7] could dramatically increase. The Sumatran Rhinoceros was never intensively hunted by European hunters. The rhinos are difficult to observe and hunt directly (one field researcher spent seven weeks in a treehide near a salt lick without ever observing a rhino directly), so poachers make use of spear traps and pit traps. In the 1970s, uses of the rhinoceros's body parts among the local people of Sumatra were documented, such as the use of rhino horns in amulets and a folk-belief that the horns offer some protection against poison. Dried rhinoceros meat was used as medicine for diarrhea, leprosy and tuberculosis. "Rhino-oil," a concoction made from leaving a rhino's skull in coconut oil for several weeks, may be used to treat skin diseases. The extent of use and belief in these practices is not known.[24][25][30] It was once believed that rhinoceros horn was widely used as an aphrodisiac; in fact traditional Chinese medicine never used it for this purpose.[7]

The rain forests of Indonesia and Malaysia, which the Sumatran Rhino inhabits, are also targets for legal and illegal logging because of the desirability of their hardwoods. Rare woods like merbau, meranti and semaram are valuable on the international markets, fetching as much as $1,800 per m3 ($1,375 per cu yd). Enforcement of illegal-logging laws is difficult because humans live within or nearby many of the same forests as the rhino. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake has been used to justify new logging. Although the hardwoods in the rain forests of the Sumatran Rhino are destined for international markets and not widely used in domestic construction, the number of logging permits for these woods has increased dramatically because of the tsunami.[26]

[edit] In captivity

Though rare, Sumatran Rhinoceroses have been occasionally exhibited in zoos for nearly a century and a half. The London Zoo acquired two Sumatran Rhinoceros in 1872. One of these, a female named Begum, was captured in Chittagong in 1868 and survived at the London Zoo until 1900, the record lifetime in captivity for Sumatran Rhinos. At the time of their acquisition, Philip Sclater, the secretary of the Zoological Society of London claimed that the first Sumatran Rhinoceros in zoos had been in the collection of the Zoological Garden of Hamburg since 1868. Before the extinction of the subspecies Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis, at least seven specimens were held in zoos and circuses.[24] Sumatran Rhinos, however, did not thrive outside their native habitats. A rhino in the Calcutta Zoo successfully gave birth in 1889, but for the entire 20th century not one Sumatran Rhino was born in a zoo. In 1972, the only Sumatran Rhino remaining in captivity died at the Copenhagen Zoo.[24]

Despite the species' persistent lack of reproductive success, in the early 1980s some conservation organizations began a captive breeding program for the Sumatran Rhinoceros. Between 1984 and 1996 this ex situ conservation program transported 40 Sumatran Rhinos from their native habitat to zoos and reserves across the world. While hopes were initially high, and much research was conducted on the captive specimens, by the late 1990s not a single rhino had been born in the program and most of its proponents agreed the program had been a failure. In 1997, the IUCN's Asian Rhino specialist group, which once endorsed the program, declared that it had failed "even maintaining the species within acceptable limits of mortality," noting that, in addition to the lack of births, 20 of the captured rhinos had died.[7][25] In 2004, a surra outbreak at the Sumatran Rhinoceros Conservation Centre killed all the captive rhinos in peninsular Malaysia, reducing the population of captive rhinos to eight.[29][40]

Seven of these captive rhinos were sent to the United States (the other was kept in Southeast Asia), but by 1997, their numbers had dwindled to three: a female in the Los Angeles Zoo, a male in the Cincinnati Zoo, and a female in the Bronx Zoo. In a final effort, the three rhinos were united in Cincinnati. After years of failed attempts, the female from Los Angeles, Emi, became pregnant for the sixth time, with the zoo's male Ipuh. All five of her previous pregnancies ended in failure. But researchers at the zoo had learned from previous failures, and, with the aid of special hormone treatments, Emi gave birth to a healthy male calf named Andalas (an Indonesian literary word for "Sumatra") in September 2001.[41] Andalas's birth was the first successful captive birth of a Sumatran Rhino in 112 years. A female calf, named Suci (Indonesian for "pure"), followed on July 30, 2004.[42] On April 29, 2007, Emi gave birth a third time, to her second male calf, named Harapan (Indonesian for "hope") or Harry.[38][43] In 2007, Andalas, who had been living at the Los Angeles Zoo, was returned to Sumatra to take part in breeding programs with healthy females.[36][44]

Despite the recent successes in Cincinnati, the captive breeding program has remained controversial. Proponents argue that zoos have aided the conservation effort by studying the reproductive habits, raising public awareness and education about the rhinos, and helping raise financial resources for conservation efforts in Sumatra. Opponents of the captive breeding program argue that losses are too great; the program too expensive; removing rhinos from their habitat, even temporarily, alters their ecological role; and captive populations cannot match the rate of recovery seen in well-protected native habitats.[7][36]

[edit] Cultural depictions

A 1927 drawing of a Sumatran RhinocerosAside from those few individuals kept in zoos and pictured in books, the Sumatran Rhinoceros has remained little known, overshadowed by the more common Indian, Black and White rhinos. Recently, however, video footage of the Sumatran Rhinoceros in its native habitat and in breeding centers has been featured in several nature documentaries. Extensive footage can be found in an Asia Geographic documentary The Littlest Rhino. Natural History New Zealand showed footage of a Sumatran rhino, shot by freelance Indonesian-based cameraman Alain Compost, in the 2001 documentary The Forgotten Rhino, which featured mainly Javan and Indian rhinos.[45][46]

Though documented by droppings and tracks, pictures of the Bornean Rhinoceros were first taken and widely distributed by modern conservationists in April 2006 when camera traps photographed a healthy adult in the jungles of Sabah in Malaysian Borneo.[47] On April 24, 2007 it was announced that cameras had captured the first ever video footage of a wild Bornean Rhino. The night-time footage showed the rhino eating, peering through jungle foliage, and sniffing the film equipment. The World Wildlife Fund which took the video has used it in efforts to convince local governments to turn the area into a rhino conservation zone.[48][49]

A number of folk tales about the Sumatran Rhino were collected by colonial naturalists and hunters from the mid 1800s to early 1900s. In Burma, the belief was once widespread that the Sumatran Rhino ate fire. Tales described the fire-eating rhino following smoke to its source, especially camp-fires, and then attacking the camp. There was also a Burmese belief that the best time to hunt was every July when the Sumatran Rhinos would congregate beneath the full moon. In Malaya it was said that the rhino's horn was hollow and could be used as a sort of hose for breathing air and squirting water. In Malaya and Sumatra it was once believed that the rhino shed its horn every year and buried it under the ground. In Borneo, the rhino was said to have a strange carnivorous practice: after defecating in a stream it would turn around and eat fish that had been stupefied by the excrement.

熊猫 中英文介绍

濒危动物英文介绍

　濒危动物英文介绍，许多野生动物正面临着灭绝的危险，人类对土地的需求在不断增长，它们的生存区域变得越来越狭窄，如何保护它们一直是我们的首要任务。下面来看看濒危动物英文介绍。

　Many wild animals are in danger of extinction because their environment has changed a lot. For example, with the development of cities, the use of pesticides and serious pollution, their living areas become more and more narrow. At the same time, they are also facing food crisis.

　Human beings kill species only to obtain their fur, skin, horns, teeth and meat, and reserve land for endangered animals. There are only so many land on earth, so what we can do is limited Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing and industry should be put first. Others think that some land should be set aside for endangered animals.

　I think we should reserve some land for the worlds animals for the following reasons: first, the demand for land by human beings is growing. If this demand is not curbed in some way, human beings will eventually develop all the available land on the earth at that time. There will be no more space for human beings to grow, and all wild animals and other valuable resources will disappear.

　Second, humans can innovate and use the land they already own in a more efficient way. Once their land is taken away, they will continue to survive. Endangered animals are an important part of the biodiversity of our planet.

　If they disappear, we cant predict what impact they will have. Therefore, we should protect these animals as a valuable resource. Endangered animals in the world are an important resource, and we should protect them through the following measures They set aside some land to protect them.

　Although the demand for land is growing, people have enough wisdom and creativity to make better use of the land they own. In this way, we can have enough land for agriculture, housing and industry, and protect biodiversity at the same time.

　中文翻译：

　许多野生动物正面临着灭绝的危险，因为它们所处的环境已经发生了很大的变化。例如，随着城市的发展，杀虫剂的使用和严重的污染，它们的生存区域变得越来越狭窄，同时也面临着食物危机

　人类捕杀物种仅仅是为了获取它们的皮毛、皮肤、角、牙齿和肉，为濒临灭绝的动物保留土地地球上只有这么多的土地，所以我们能做的是有限的一些人认为人类对农田、住房和工业的需求应该放在首位，另一些人认为应该为濒临灭绝的动物留出一些土地。

　我认为我们应该为世界动物保留一些土地，原因如下：第一，人类对土地的需求在不断增长，如果不以某种方式抑制这种需求，人类最终会开发出当时地球上所有可用的土地，人类将没有更多的生长空间，所有的野生动物和其他有价值的.资源都将消失。

　第二，人类能够创新并以更有效的方式利用他们已经拥有的土地。一旦他们的土地被夺走，他们将继续生存下去，濒危动物是我们星球生物多样性的重要组成部分

　如果它们消失了，我们无法预测会产生什么样的影响，因此，我们应该把这些动物作为一种宝贵的资源加以保护，世界濒危动物是一种重要的资源，我们应该通过为它们留出一些土地来保护它们。尽管人类对土地的需求在不断增长，但人们有足够的智慧和创造力，能够更好地利用它们所拥有的土地。

　通过这种方式，我们可以有足够的土地用于农业、住房和工业，并保护生物多样性在同一时间。

　To protect animals, everyone duty! This shouldnt be a slogan, but a word should be deeply impressed all people in the heart of a wake-up call.

　Once upon a time there was a first grade elementary student xiao Ming and his father go hunting outside every day, dont have time to study. As a result, his grades have been bad. Every night, his father will be to capture a few animals.

　His father to kill animals, xiao Ming is very sad. "Dad, dont kill animals again, you know how to kill animals is a serious matter? This will destroy the food chain, in the end, the damaged or we ah!" Xiao Ming said. His father stern said "so little know what? You have some time to get it! Your grade if you dont hunt, what to eat? How to send you to school?"

　Xiao Ming said that "every time that I study hard, get a scholarship, you dont hunt?" "Yes, as long as your scholarship, I dont hunt" from then on, xiao Ming is to study hard every day. Sure enough, in junior high school of time when school promised as long as he won first place in the examination will give him a scholarship. His father also keep your promise, no longer hunt.

　Even a first grade of primary school children know the truth, isnt so much the hunter is in doubt? Has it ever occurred to you, if you are an animal, human will kill you without a reason, would you be willing to? It must be thousands would not! As the saying goes "do as you would be done by." You dont like, that the animals would be willing to?

　Because hunting, are now extinct, how many kinds of animals do you know? Already 800, the number looks small, but add up the number of each type of animal, you know how much is it? Have you had? Destroy the food chain, is no good to human beings.

　Animals are priceless treasure for human nature, all animals are humans good friends, why cant harmonious to get along in the same home? Their survival and our survival, have a close relationship. From now on, start from around each of us, to protect the animals together!

　保护动物，人人有责!这不该是一句口号，而是一句应该深深印在所有人心里的一个警钟。

　从前，有一个一年级的小学生小明，他的父亲天天到外面去打猎，没时间管他的学习。因此，他的成绩一直都不好。每天晚上，他的父亲都会捕来几只动物。

　他的.父亲这样残杀动物，小明很伤心。“爸爸，不要再杀动物了，您知道杀动物是一件多么严重的事吗?这样会破坏生物链的，到头来，受损的还是我们呀!”小明说。他的爸爸严厉的回答说“你这么小懂什么?有时间就好好弄弄你的学习成绩吧!如果不打猎，靠什么吃饭?怎么供你上学?”

　小明说“那我好好学习，每次都得奖学金，你是不是就不打猎了?”“对，只要你的奖学金，我就不打猎”从此，小明就天天都努力学习。果然，在初中的时候学校答应只要他考试得第一名的时候就会给他奖学金。他的父亲也信守诺言，再也不打猎了。

　就连一个一年级的小学生都懂的道理，难道那么多的猎人就想不清吗?你们有没有想过，假如你是一只动物，人类无缘无故的就把你杀了，你会愿意吗?肯定是千万个不愿意。俗话说得好“己所不欲，勿施于人。”你自己都不愿意，那动物们会愿意吗?

　就因为捕猎，现在都有多少种动物灭绝了，你们知道吗?已经800种了，这个数字看起来是不大，但是把每种动物的数量加起来，你们知道是多少吗?你们算过吗?破坏生物链，对人类一点好处都没有。

　动物是大自然留给人类的无价之宝，所有的动物都是人类的好朋友，为什么就不能和睦的相处在同一个家园里呢?他们的生存与我们的生存，有着密切的关系。从现在起，从我们每个人的身边做起，一起保护动物吧!

　Alligator is my specialty animals, has been endangered.

　译文：扬子鳄是我国特产动物,已频临灭绝。

　China has made it a national-level protected animals.

　译文：我国已经把它列为国家一级保护动物。

　Alligator body about 2 meters, like a big lizard.

　扬子鳄身长约2米，像条大蜥蜴。

　Beak length, which long with sharp teeth.

　译文：嘴长，里面长着锋利的牙齿。

　Back dark brown, some dark green, abdomen gray, the skin is covered with large

　scales, like heavily armed the same.

　译文：背部暗褐色，有的呈深绿色，腹部灰色，皮肤上覆盖着大鳞片，像全副武装了一样。

　It is thick limbs, tail, skills, and their long-even more than the head and body length combined.

　译文：它四肢粗壮，尾巴特长，其长甚至超过了头和身体长度的总和。

　People have alligator known as the "living fossil" because it was two billion years

　ago, the dinosaur era to exist, due to changes in the environment, extinction of

　dinosaurs and other reptiles, while the Chinese alligator has been continued to this day.

　译文：人们把扬子鳄称为“活化石”，是因为它在两亿年前的恐龙时代就存在了，由于环境的变化，恐龙等爬行动物灭绝了，而扬子鳄却一直延续到今天。

　In the Chinese alligator body, still can be found in dinosaurs and other reptiles, many of the features.

　译文：在扬子鳄身上，至今还可以找到恐龙等爬行动物的许多特征。

　Today, people study the dinosaurs, in addition to dinosaur fossils, according to

　other, often used to infer dinosaur alligators living habits.

　译文：现在，人们研究恐龙时，除了根据恐龙化石以外，也常常以扬子鳄去推断恐龙的生活习性。

　Therefore, the Chinese alligator for people to study the rise and fall of ancient

　reptiles, and studies of ancient geology, biological evolution, there is significance.

　译文：因此，扬子鳄对于人们研究古代爬行动物的兴衰和研究古地质学的生物进化，都有重要意义。

用英文介绍巴巴里狮子

Giant panda Da Xiong Mao

Classification position:The breast feed

carnivorous eyes, giant panda section, giant panda belongs

to||Giant panda Da Xiong Mao

Exterior appearance:Is long 120 ～ 180 the rice of centimeters, the tail is long 10 ～ 12 the rice of centimeters , shoulder breadth 60 ～ 70 the rice of centimeters , weight 60 ～s 73,000 grams

|Exterior appearance: Is long 120 ～s a rice of centimeters, the tail is long 10 ～s a

rice of centimeters , shoulder breadth 60 ～s a rice of centimeters ,60 the 73,000 gramses of ～ ses ： weight.The body is fat, the arms and legs is robust.

||The sends the white on the face in wharf in a black rim of eye for blackly kissing nose carrying first set with reporting the horoscope type arrange.The black ear stands up in the head above, a black tape stretches to whole forelegs from the shoulder department, and change the breadth gradually, the hind legs is also a black, the rest part in body aparts from anything of thin palm tree in chest or black hairs the excluding, is all a white color

大熊猫 Da Xiong Mao

分类地位：哺乳纲、食肉目、大熊猫科、大熊猫属。

外部形态：体长120～180厘米，尾长10～12厘米，肩宽60～70厘米，体重60～73千克。身体肥胖，四肢粗壮。头圆、耳小、吻部短，尾巴也很短。白色的脸上张着黑色的吻鼻端部和呈八字型排列的黑眼圈。黑色的耳朵竖立在头部的上方，一条黑色的带子从肩部伸展到整个前肢，并且逐渐变宽，后肢也是黑色，身体其余的部分除了胸部有一点淡棕或黑色的毛以外，都是白颜色、。

分布地点：分布于我国四川、陕西南部和甘肃等地。

生活习性：栖息于山地森林中的山腹洼地、河谷阶地等地带。喜欢独居。以竹子为主要食物。春季发情。怀孕期为97～161天。每胎产1～2仔。

生存状况：野生大熊猫的分布区已经相当狭小，总数为1 000只左右。在我国《国家重点保护野生动物名录》中被列为Ⅰ级保护动物。

Babari the lion, also called the North African lion, Atlas the lion, is a subspecies of first or second subspecies of lion and the lion is big, and the Cape lion be roughly the same size. Once in Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, Libya five. Barry is the famous Pakistan lion lion subspecies and the earliest Europeans cognitive lion, is the three giant carnivorous animal in North Africa for the first time; compared to the phylogenetic relationship of other African lions and their Asian lion is most close to, even some people believe that in first Century the European lion is the extinct subspecies. In the Rome Empire, they are a large number of ancient Colosseum to catch as fighting, killing and struggle to meet the desire. In the fall of Rome, the number of them is greatly reduced. Since then, with the destruction of the natural environment in North Africa, their habitat shrinking; at the same time constitute a "threat" is also growing on human beings, so always be human to suppress and kill, living space and territory is decreasing day by day, with the end of 1922 a wild lion Pakistan Barry was shot dead in Morocco the Atlas mountains, living in northern Africa for thousands of years, Barry finally disappeared in the North African lion. 1925 is considered to be extinct. But after 1965, many people have in the circus or zoo found a lot of "pure" Pakistan Barry the lion.

巴巴里狮子，也叫北非狮、阿特拉斯狮，是狮子的第一或第二大亚种和也是狮子的指名亚种，体型和开普狮不相上下。曾分布在摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚、埃及、突尼斯、利比亚五国。巴巴里狮是狮子的知名亚种和最早被欧洲人所认知的狮子，也是北非食肉动物的三巨头之首；相对于其他非洲狮它们和亚洲狮的亲缘关系最为接近，甚至有人认为公元1世纪灭绝的欧洲狮就是这个亚种。在罗马帝国时代，它们被大量抓到古罗马斗兽场去当作斗兽，用来满足罗马人的杀戮和斗争欲望。在罗马帝国灭亡后，它们的数量大量地减少了。此后，随着人类对北非自然环境的破坏，它们的栖息地日益缩小；同时对人类构成“威胁”也越来越大，因而始终受到人类的打压和捕杀，生存的空间和领地在一天天地减少，随着1922年最后一只野生的巴巴里狮在摩洛哥的阿特拉斯山脉被射杀，在非洲北部生存了几千年的巴巴里狮终于在北非销声匿迹。1925年被认为是灭绝。但1965年以后人们陆续在不少马戏团或动物园发现了很多血统不纯的巴巴里狮。

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