定语从句翻译法

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长句所以长，定语从句帮了不少忙

最难处理的原因:

1.汉英两种语言中作为修饰成分的定语位置截然相反，汉语的一般在前，英语的一般在后

2.汉语的定语一般只起修饰和限定的作用，而英语的定语从句则作用广泛，除修饰和限定的作用外，还具有类似状语从句的功能。

这种方法通常用于相对比较简单，在逻辑上有明确的限定作用的定语从句而言的。

翻译时按照汉语的习惯加个“的”字

后置法通常用于比较长，结构比较复杂的定语从句，这种定语从句的意思常常具有独立性，在逻辑上还有其他的补充说明的作用

将定语从句译为并列的分句

例:Copper prices, which reached record highs lastweek, fell back yersterday after China's State Reserve Bureau failed to sell all of the metal it put up for auction this week.

译文:铜价在上周创下历史新高，但中国国家物资储备局本周拿出拍卖的铜未能全部售出导致铜价昨天回挫。

英语中表示状语性质的定语，往往具有谓语的特点，翻译时难以保留原来的定语形式，一般可转化为表目的，原因，结果等的状语，从而加强逻辑的严密性。有时也要适当调整语序。

例1: He wants to write an article, which will attract public attention to the air pollution in this city.

译文:他想写一篇文章，用来引起公众对该城市空气污染的关注。

(这里的定从是用来表示主句中某一动作或状态发生的目的和动机，其含义相当于由in order that引导的目的状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语动词，这类定语从句可以转换为目的状语从句)

例2: The thief, who was about to escape, was caught by the policemen.

译文: 小偷正要逃跑时，被警察抓住了。

(从句和主句的动作几乎同时发生，其含义相当于连词when，while或as引导的时间状语从句，在翻译时往往加上相应的连词“当...的时候”)

例3: How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesn't know what the students are thinking and demanding?

译文: 一个人如果不知道他的学生在想什么，需要什么，怎么能指望自己成为一个合格的教师呢?

(这里从句所表示的是主句中某一动作或状态是在某一条件下产生的，其作用相当于连词if引导的条件状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语动词。在翻译时往往要加上“如果”等词)

1. 我们经常去游泳的那个夏天非常热

That summer when we often went swimming was very hot.

2. 你不听英语的那个星期下雨了

The week when you didn’t attend English class was raining.

3. 汤姆经常滑冰的那个冬天很冷

The winter when Tom often went skating was very cold.

4. 桑迪的爸爸很不开心的那天桑迪成绩不好

Sandy did poorly in his studies on the day when his father did not feel very happy.

5. 你去图书馆的那个星期6她生病了

She was ill that Saturday when (或者 on which) you went to the library.

6. 爸爸抽烟的那个晚上苏在看电视

Sue was watching TV that evening on which Father smoked.

7. 妈妈生病的那年我上小学

I was at elementary school that year when my mother was ill.

8. 我想看电视的那个早晨妈妈很伤心

Mother was sad that morning on which I wanted to watch TV.

9. 我经常学习的那个教室在中国

The classroom where (或者in which) I often study is in China.

10. 苏前年听收音机的地方是教室

The place was a classroom where (或者in which) Sue listened her radio the year before last.

11. 学生们经常跑步的操场很大

The playground where students often run is very large.

12. 昨天你看电视的那个房间是客厅

The room where (或者in which) you watch TV is the drawing room.

13. 我从不在那洗澡的浴室很脏

The bathroom is very dirty in which I have never taken bath.

14. 妈妈在那儿做饭的厨房很小

The kitchen in which Mother prepares meals is very small.

15. 我将要放书包的那个桌子是我的书桌

The desk on which I am going to put my schoolbag is my writing desk.

The desk which I am going to put my on schoolbag is my writing desk.

16. 鸟现在不在待在那棵树是苹果树

The tree in which birds don’t stay now is an apple tree.

The tree which birds don’t stay in now is an apple tree.

17. 你知道妈妈经常去商店的愿意吗？

Do you know if the shop where your mother often goes to is with pleasure?

18. 我知道老师每天来的很早的原因

I know the reason why the teacher comes early every day.

19. 他们知道学英语的原因

They know the cause why they should study English.

20. 我不想知道你每天游泳的原因

I don’t want to know the cause why you go swimming every day.

21. 你知道我昨天不睡觉的原因

Do you know the reason why I don’t go to bad yesterday?

22. 老师不知道上周六你不来的原因

The teacher doesn’t know the reason why you didn’t come last Saturday.

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